Atmospheric breathing electric thruster for planetary exploration. Efficient and highperformance dual mode propulsion system designed for use with xenon and krypton propellants. The electron population in hall2de is treated also as a fluid. Hall thruster development for japanese space propulsion. Mar 29, 2020 like most hall thruster propulsion systems used in commercial applications, the hall thruster on smart1 could be throttled over a range of power, specific impulse, and thrust. Developmental status of a 100kw class laboratory nested channel hall thruster. Jahn, 1968 for v e above 10,000 ms, a propulsion system needs. Hall thrusters also could enable a variety of deepspace science missions of.
The bpt4000 from aerojet is identified as a candidate for nearterm use. A major conclusion of that work was that 50 to 100kw ep devices are a building. Its performance of 15001800 seconds of specific impulse and 50% efficiency make it nearly idea for many earth orbital propulsion requirements including northsouth stationkeeping and orbit insertion maneuvers. Efficiency analysis of a hall thruster operating with. The x3 thruster is a central part of the xr100 system. Hall thruster development for japanese space propulsion programs. The acceleration of gases for propulsion by electrical heating andor by electrical and magnetic body forces.
Flow and forces in specialized electric propulsion test system. Differences in qualification requirements between commercial and science. Quadthruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1axis. The advantage to this system over others is that you need only an electrical source to power the device and it has no moving parts so it is almost unbreakable. Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Highpower performance of a 100kw class nested hall thruster. The ht 100 hall effect thruster het is the smallest and lowest power het ever developed in europe, whose performance and characteristics represent the stateoftheart of this technology. These dependencies drive propulsion system requirements to an optimum isp.
Plume characterization of an ion focusing hall thruster kunning g. Hllv propulsion solar electric propulsion for cargo tug j2x merlin 2 next ion thruster busek bht20k hall thruster nasa 457m hall thruster merlin 2 j2x propellant loxrp loxlh 2 thrust vac klbf 1,700 292 isp vac sec 322 448 tw lbflbm 150 55 nearterm propulsion needs merlin 2 uses scaledup. Hall thruster a serious contender to get humans to mars. These studies were performed for four nasa discoveryclass missions vestaceres rendezvous mission dawn mission, koppf com. Lauderdale, florida, july 1114, 2004 1 american institute of aeronautics and astronautics efficiency analysis of a highspecific impulse hall thruster. Pdf hall thruster is an attractive type of electric propulsion that is being. The iodine hall thruster task is let by the nasa glenn research center grc. Nht nested hall thruster outer outermost channel rd redundant thruster s structure str string sys system tank tankage tg thruster and gimbal th thruster tot total xe xenon xfs xenon ow system i. A flight 200w propulsion system, which includes the thruster, cathode, ppu, and feed system are in development to support the isat mission. Elementary scaling relations for hall effect thrusters. The key components of an electric propulsion orbit transfer vehicle are the thrusters and the power generation sub system. In a proofofprinciple effort to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically. In spacecraft propulsion, a hall effect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field.
Halleffect thruster wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Fowee 1 31st annual aiaausu conference on small satellites ssc17wk48 quadthruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1axis control katherine fowee, steven pugia, ryan clay, matthew. The model expresses the performance of a hall thruster as a function of the utilization efficiencies of current. Ion and hall thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and hall thrusters. There are a number of types of hall effect thruster, with the most common being the thruster with anode layer tal, the stationary plasma thruster spt, and the cylindrical hall thruster cht. Xr100 100 kw electric propulsion system is being developed to technology readiness level 5. An alternate form of electric propulsion, the hall effect thruster, was studied independently in the u. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight heritage, and the first us hall effect thruster in space. The key components of an electric propulsion orbit transfer vehicle are the thrusters and the power generation subsystem. Developmental status of a 100kw class laboratory nested.
Experimental investigation of a hall thruster internal. One of the primary objectives of its mission is to verify the performance of a hall thruster propulsion system hps that uses xenon gas. A hall thruster propulsion system standard architecture for nasa. The hall effect thruster het shown in figure 1, is a relatively simple type of ep device. Investigation of low discharge voltage hall thruster characteristics and evaluation of loss mechanisms by daniel lucas brown a dissertation submitted in partial. When the us was beginning to investigate the gridded ion drive, the soviet union was investigating the hall effect thruster het.
Magnetically shielded miniature masmi hall thruster wirz. Pdf overview of hall electric propulsion in china researchgate. Development of a highfrequency emissive probe system for plasma potential measurements in a hall thruster ieee transactions on plasma science, vol. The iodine hall thruster task is under the advanced inspace propulsion aisp project. Hall effect thrusters operated on soviet satellites from 1972 until the late 1990s, mainly used for satellite stabilization in northsouth and in eastwest directions. Quadthruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1. Atmospheric breathing electric thruster for planetary. A hall thruster is a coaxial plasma device in which an applied magnetic field effectively traps electrons in the discharge channel of the thruster.
Xenon ion propulsion system xips 17, and the first nasa deepspace mission using the nasa solar electric propulsion technology applications. Development of iodine hall thruster propulsion systems is progressing n two parallel and i complimentary paths. In addition, hets can achieve an i sp of up to 3000 seconds. Fowee 1 31st annual aiaausu conference on small satellites ssc17wk48 quad thruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1axis control katherine fowee, steven pugia, ryan clay, matthew.
Oct 02, 2007 the electric propulsion system consists of five main parts. Update on the nested hall thruster subsystem for the nextstep. Design of a laboratory hall thruster with magnetically. Hall current thruster the hall curent thruster hct is a plasma thruster operating on gaseous xenon propellant. Pdf absract the vens technological payload, an electric propulsion system with two low power hall thrusters, is overviewed. Nasa is continuing to invest in advancing hall thruster technologies for implementation in commercial and government missions. The cylindrical thruster is optimized for low power applications, such as for cubesats, and i havent seen a high power design, so we arent going. Bht200 hall effect thruster the bht200 is a high performance and mature propulsion system with flight heritage aboard the air force research laboratorys tacsat2 and falconsat5 satellites. Citation pdf 409 kb pdf plus 426 kb james szabo, bruce pote, surjeet paintal, michael robin, george kolencik, adam hillier, richard branam, richard huffman. Marine propulsion solutions page 2 of 7 the transverse tunnel thruster system transverse tunnel thruster systems the versatility of mpsmarine thruster systems allows installation in a hull with the drive shaft horizontal or vertical. A commercial one newton hall effect thruster for high power inspace missions. The masmi magnetically shielded miniature hall thruster is designed to provide a lowpower, long life, and high efficiency electric propulsion system to meet the demands of future and nearterm space missions. Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Introduction electric propulsion systems at power levels in excess of 100 kw are enabling for a number of important mid and farterm space missions.
Oct, 2017 the x3 thruster is a central part of the xr100 system. Computational domain for the numerical simulations of the h6 laboratory hall thruster showing naming conventions for various thruster components and boundaries to be cited throughout this paper. In spacecraft propulsion, a halleffect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Table 1 lists typical values of specific impulse and thrust associated with several types of electric propulsion systems. The aeps system includes the hall thruster ht, power processing unit pputhe and the xenon flow controller xfc. Halleffect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Efficient and highperformance dual mode propulsion system. A major conclusion of that work was that 50 to 100kw ep devices are a. A recent study has shown how the operating lives of these systems can be. Efficiency analysis of a hall thruster operating with krypton. Pdf iodine hall thruster propellant feed system for a cubesat. The xr100 system builds off the x3, a 200 kw nested hall thruster nht, 39 with the addition of ardeveloped modular power processing unit ppu and modular mass flow controller mfc whose designs can scale up to the required 100 kw and beyond. Hall effect thruster physics form of electric propulsion used for inspace maneuvers well understood high thrust density low cost highly throttleable plasma is ionized in an electronimpact cascade and accelerated by an applied electric field beam neutralized by a cathode typical propellant is xenon.
Plume characterization of an ion focusing hall thruster. The dawn asteroid science mission has selected a spacecraft with three nstar engines. A version of this seemingly impossible device is used on a larger scale to propel deep space probes for nasa. Like most hall thruster propulsion systems used in commercial applications, the hall thruster on smart1 could be throttled over a range of power, specific impulse, and thrust. Simulation of electric propulsion thrusters nato sto. According to its major functions, the hps can be divided. The abundance of commercial suppliers in the united states and abroad provides a sustainable base from which hall thruster systems can be costeffectively obtained through procurements from existing product lines. Output on an 11 inch by 17 inch page size two sided in the print menu make sure the following is set. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service. Krypton hall effect thruster for spacecraft propulsion. Specific program year 2001 efforts, along with the corporate and academic participation, are describedintroduction nasas hall thruster program is an integrated technology program addressing many nasa. Phenomenological model of hall thruster efficiency in this section, the essential details from a phenomenological hall thruster performance model are presented 16. In this study, two types of thrusters are examined.
A separate technology development effort is underway as part of the stmd game. A favorable candidate for these types of missions is the closeddrift hall thruster. These three primary components must operate together to ensure that the. Build an ionic thruster like nasa uses for space propulsion. Pdf vens technological payload the israeli hall effect. Using a small number of components to produce an exb field, an het can accelerate ions to extremely high velocities to provide thrust. Nasas electric propulsion program electric rocket propulsion. Expanded thruster mass model incorporating nested hall thrusters. Hall thrusters are electrostatic ion accelerators in which the grid system which serves in. The power source can be any source of electrical power, but solar and nuclear are the primary options. Hofer jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca, 91109.
Magnetically shielded miniature masmi hall thruster. Based largely on research and development performed at the jet propulsion laboratory jpl and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, fundamentals of electric propulsion. Hall thrusters offer system advantages over ion thrusters, namely the total system cost is lower making the hall thruster a potentially more desirable option for cost capped missions. Adequate engine lifeprior to the nstar project, no ion engine intended for primary propulsion had ever been successfully operated for its full design life. Extremely high temperature of an insulated gas stream or. An ion thruster or ion drive is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. As part of this program, the x3, a nested hall thruster designed to operate at powers up to 200 kw, is being further developed through parallel modeling and. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight. Design of a laboratory hall thruster with magnetically shielded channel walls, phase i. Development of a kw hall thruster propulsion system. The electric propulsion system consists of five main parts.
The fullfledged propulsion system will need a powerprocessing unit to deliver electricity from a spacecrafts solar arrays to the thruster and a system for feeding xenon gas from highpressure. Hall thrusters are electrostatic ion accelerators in which the grid system which serves in classical ion engines to anchor the negative charges used to accelerate the ions is replaced with a relatively strong magnetic. Bht8000 hall effect thruster buseks bht8000 is a 8kw nominal hall effect thruster with stateoftheart center mounted cathode and performance unparalleled within its power class. None check the box for autorotate and center trim printed sheets at crops, will equal 8. Efficiency analysis of a highspecific impulse hall thruster. Pdf overview of nasa iodine hall thruster propulsion system. Ion and hall thrusters march 2008 the research described in this publication was carried out at the jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, under a contract with the national aeronautics and space administration. Photograph of the thruster operating in a vacuum facility at jpl. Halleffect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant. The advanced electric propulsion system aeps program will develop a flight kw hall thruster propulsion system based on nasas hermes thruster.
There has been significant work recently in the development of iodinefed hall thrusters for inspace propulsion applications. These ion thrusters rely mainly on electrostatics as ions are accelerated by the coulomb force along an electric field. It creates thrust by accelerating ions using electricity an ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out of atoms, creating a cloud of positive ions. Update on the nested hall thruster subsystem for the. A hall thruster propulsion system standard architecture for nasa science missions is proposed. Based on permanent magnets, the ht 100 het is designed to perform orbit control tasks on microsatellites and aocs tasks on minisatellites. Expanded thruster mass model incorporating nested hall. An ion thruster produces a flow of air even though it has no moving parts. The requirements and goals of the xr100 system are shown in table 1. Solar electric propulsion service module aerojet rocketdyne kw hall thruster pdf output specifications. Walker2 highpower electric propulsion laboratory, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, ga 30332 usa the t220ht is a 10kw class hall effect thruster developed as the primary propulsion system for satellites. This is a very similar concept in many ways to the ion drive, in that it uses the electrostatic effect to accelerate propellant, but the mechanism is very different. The thruster was successfully tested few months ago, and could be selected by nasa as a crucial component of propulsion system for future mars missions.
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